|
Agglomeration |
A group of industries in the same location. |
|
Brownfield site |
An inner city derelict site which can be cleared and reused for
building. |
|
Business park |
Mainly found on edge of greenfield sites. Usually over 70% of land
is gardens. Ideal locations for high-tech industries. |
|
By-products |
What is left over when something is made. |
|
Commercial |
Used to describe the business activities of trading, buying or
selling goods. |
|
Commodity |
Products produced for export. |
|
Component |
Parts of a product. |
|
Containerisation |
Goods being packed into large metal boxes for transport. |
|
Core region |
An area at the centre of economic activity. |
|
Cumulative causation |
Where one region of a country becomes increasingly the centre of
economic activity. |
|
Decentralisation |
The movement of shops, offices and industry away from urban centres. |
|
Deindustrialisation |
The decline of a country's traditional manufacturing industry. |
|
Development area |
Areas of high unemployment in the UK, where industry's encouraged by
the government offering incentives. |
|
Division of labour |
Increased productivity by workers specialising in one particular
part of the manufacturing process. |
|
Enterprise zone |
Areas of industrial decline and high unemployment in the UK where
financial incentives are available to encourage investment and
renewal. |
|
Fixed Industry |
One which is tied to a particular location. |
|
Footloose industry |
An industry which can set up in many different locations. |
|
Globalisation |
Where international business and trade is becoming more
interconnected. |
|
Government incentives |
Include grants, labour subsidies, tax free periods, rent-free
periods, etc. |
|
Grant |
Money paid to an industry towards the cost of new machinery,
training, etc. These are given in development areas to attract new
industry. |
|
Greenfield sites |
Greenfield land is a term used to describe a piece of undeveloped
land, either currently used for agriculture or just left to nature. |
|
Gross national product |
(GNP) the total value of goods produced by a country's residents. |
|
Gross national product per capita |
(GNP) per capita. The total value of goods produced by a country
divided by the total number of people. |
|
Heavy industry |
An industry which needs large raw materials and/or its product is
large and bulky. |
|
High-tech industry |
These involve the use of research and development to create high
value, technology-based products and processes. |
|
Imports |
Products brought from abroad. |
|
Industrial estates |
An area of land planned for industry. |
|
Industrial inertia |
Some industry survives in an area where it shouldn't because of the
prestige of that area. |
|
Infrastructure |
Roads, power supply, sewerage. |
|
Invisible trade |
Trading products that cannot be seen. Eg. Tourism. |
|
Land-locked |
Country that has no port. |
|
Light industry |
Manufacturing industry which has light raw materials, components and
finished product. |
|
Multiplier effect |
If new jobs are created people, spend more money in shops, which
means more workers are neaded … |
|
Overheads |
Rent, wages, electricity, water … |
|
Primary industry |
Industry concerned with extracting natural resources from the ground
or the sea. Eg. Fishing, mining … |
|
Profits |
Money left over when all overheads have been paid. |
|
Quaternary industry |
One which used modern technology to carry out research, handle
information and give advice to other industry. |
|
Raw materials |
Things from which more complex things are made eg. Steel is made
using coal, iron and limestone. |
|
Science parks |
Area, often located near universities, where high-tech industries
are located. |
|
Secondary industry |
The manufacturing of goods using the raw materials from primary
industry. |
|
Service industry |
Does not produce anything but involves work in the service sector
eg. Banking, transport, health, tourism … (Tertiary industry) |
|
Single product economy |
A country (usually an LEDC) which relies on one, or very small
number, of products. |
|
Tertiary industry |
Does not produce anything but involves work in the service sector
eg. Banking, transport, health, tourism … (Service industry) |
|
Trans-national corportaion |
(TNC) Large companies which have many branches throughout the world. |
|
Urban diseconomies |
The rising costs to industry as cities increase in size, due to
increasing cost of land and labour, traffic congestion, crime, etc. |
|
Urban-rural shift |
The movement of industry away from urban areas. |
